International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used in modern industrial, automotive, and home automation applications due to their high efficiency, low maintenance, and superior torque-to-weight ratio. This project focuses on the design and development of a BLDC motor driver for a 24V, 100W motor, capable of delivering up to 5A of current with precise speed and torque control. The proposed driver will employ a microcontroller-based control system to generate high-frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals for driving a three-phase inverter bridge. The system will support both sensor-based commutation using Hall effect sensors and sensorless commutation based on back Electromotive Force (back-EMF) detection, ensuring enhanced flexibility and adaptability for various operating conditions.Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used in modern industrial, automotive, and home automation applications due to their high efficiency, low maintenance, and superior torque-to-weight ratio. This project focuses on the design and development of a BLDC motor driver for a 24V, 100W motor, capable of delivering up to 5A of current with precise speed and torque control. The proposed driver will employ a microcontroller-based control system to generate high-frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals for driving a three-phase inverter bridge. The system will support both sensor-based commutation using Hall effect sensors and sensorless commutation based on back Electromotive Force (back-EMF) detection, ensuring enhanced flexibility and adaptability for various operating conditions.The motor driver will feature a high-speed gate driver circuit for driving the MOSFET-based inverter, ensuring low switching losses and high operational efficiency. A trapezoidal commutation algorithm will be implemented to achieve smooth and reliable motor operation. The microcontroller will handle feedback from the motor, including speed, position, and current data, to enable closed-loop control. Overcurrent, overvoltage, and thermal protection mechanisms will be integrated into the design to ensure safe operation and to prevent hardware damage under fault conditions.

Key Words:   

Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor

Motor Driver

Microcontroller-Based Control

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

Three-Phase Inverter Bridge

Sensor-Based Commutation

Sensorless Commutation

Back Electromotive Force (Back-EMF)

High-Speed Gate Driver

MOSFET-Based Inverter

Trapezoidal Commutation Algorithm

 Closed-Loop Control

Overcurrent Protection

Overvoltage Protection

Thermal Protection