International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The effectiveness of a mindfulness meditation intervention on working memory capacity (WMC) in adolescents via a randomized controlled trial comparing mind fulness meditation to hatha yoga and a waitlist control group.Participants (N ¼ 198 adolescents) were recruited from a large public middle school in southwest United States and randomly assigned to mindfulness meditation, hatha yoga, or a waitlist control condition. Participants completed a computerized measure of WMC (Automated Operational Span Task) and self-report measures of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and anxiety (Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders) at preintervention and postintervention/waitlist. A series of mixed-design analyses of variance were used to examine changes in WMC, stress, and anxiety at preintervention and postintervention.Participants in the mindfulness meditation condition showed significant improvements in WMC, whereas those in the hatha yoga and waitlist control groups did not. No statistically significant between-group differences were found for stress or anxiety. This is the first study to provide support for the benefits of short-term mindfulness practice, specifically mindfulness meditation, in improving WMC in adolescents. Results highlight the importance of investigating the components of mindfulness-based interventions among adolescents given that such interventions may improve cognitive function. More broadly, mindfulness interventions may be delivered in an abridged format, thus increasing their potential for integration into school settings and into existing treatment protocols.

In the last decade, mindfulness research in youth has grown rapidly. Mindfulness involves directing attention to the present moment experience in a nonjudgmental and accepting way

Mindfulness is often recognized as a “practice” or “training,” requiring a constant shift from an “automatic pilot” mindset to one that comprises attention and awareness .

The term mindfulness has been applied to numerous interventions, including multicomponent interventions such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) [1], and to particular forms of mindfulness practice (e.g., mindfulness meditation). In general, mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective in producing beneficial effects on physical and psychological functioning, particularly in adults. Although the methodological rigor of many treatment studies with youth remains questionable [2-4], the existing body of research suggests

that mindfulness training may be feasibly adapted for use with adolescents in medical and community-based samples. Furthermore, mindfulness interventions have demonstrated

beneficial effects on general well-being and physical health among adolescents [4-10].