International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Childhood obesity has become one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. No longer confined to high-income countries, it has become a global epidemic affecting low- and middle-income nations as well. Once considered a sign of prosperity, childhood obesity is now recognized as a major risk factor for serious health complications, particularly those related to cardiac and metabolic health. Obesity in childhood lays the groundwork for lifelong struggles with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).