International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The role of anchorage and end confinement is also crucial in preventing premature deboning. Were any special anchoring techniques or surface preparations used to enhance the bond between the GFRP and concrete since the study confirms that a 45° fiber orientation provides superior torsional resistance, it might be valuable to explore hybrid configurations combining 45° and 90° orientations. Did the study investigate such hybrid layouts? Overall, the findings provide strong support for using GFRP in torsional strengthening applications. However, extending the research to different loading conditions, cyclic torsion, and long-term durability (e.g., creep, temperature effects) could further validate its practical applicability. These insights could be crucial for optimizing GFRP reinforcement strategies in retrofitting and new structural applications. Would you like to include additional factors such as ductility, stiffness variations, or cost-effectiveness the application of GFRP significantly improves both the first crack and ultimate load capacities of the beams. GFRP applied at 45° with respect to the beam axis provides better strength than at 90°, likely due to its ability to resist both shear and torsional stresses more effectively.

Keywords: GFRP and concrete, GFRP applied at 45°, GFRP applied at 90°, stiffness variations, ultimate load capacities