International Research Journal of Education and Technology

The maize crop is crucial to food production and agriculture. It provides millions of people with a basic food source, promoting food security and reducing hunger. Maize is also an important feed grain for animals, aiding the cattle sector. Its cultivation boosts rural development, provides farmers with cash, and opens up job possibilities. A major global concern for the cultivation of maize is heat stress. During crucial growth stages, maize is extremely susceptible to high temperatures, which results in lower crop yields & crop losses. Heat stress hinders plant growth and development in general, hinders pollination, lowers grain filling, and has an impact on the photosynthetic process. The effect of heat stress upon maize productivity is intensifying as a result of climate change's rising temperatures. Plant breeders must fully comprehend the physiological reactions and adaptive mechanisms in order to create heat-resistant cultivars. Increased heat stress tolerance in maize plants is mostly a result of physiological changes. Maize plants have developed special anatomical and biochemical systems that allow them to efficiently absorb and use carbon dioxide (CO2) even in high temperature.

• physiological adaptations, Heat stress response, photosynthesis, heat stress, unfolded protein responses, maize