International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Menstruation is a natural physiological process in women, but for many, it comes with discomfort and pain. Primary dysmenorrhea, commonly referred to as menstrual cramps, is one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions affecting adolescent girls and young women. It is characterized by lower abdominal pain, which can range from mild to severe, typically occurring just before or during menstruation. Unlike secondary dysmenorrhea, which is caused by underlying reproductive disorders, primary dysmenorrhea occurs in the absence of pelvic pathology. This article delves into the causes and factors influencing primary dysmenorrhea, providing insights into its biological mechanisms, risk factors, and potential management strategies.