International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Self-driving vehicles, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), represent a revolutionary advancement in transportation. These vehicles leverage artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and sensor technologies to navigate without human intervention. AVs are designed to reduce human error, enhance road safety, and optimize traffic efficiency. They rely on various technologies, including LIDAR, radar, cameras, and connectivity solutions like Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, to perceive their surroundings and make informed decisions.

The development of AVs has led to significant discussions on their economic, social, and environmental impact. These vehicles have the potential to revolutionize urban mobility, improve accessibility for the elderly and disabled, and contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. However, their widespread adoption faces numerous challenges, including regulatory uncertainties, cybersecurity risks, ethical dilemmas, and the high cost of implementation.