International Research Journal of Education and Technology

Menstruation is a natural physical process in a woman's reproductive cycle, yet for many people, it brings pain and discomfort. Primary dysmenoria, which is characterized by painful menstrual cramps without any underlying medical conditions, is one of the most prevalent gynecological complaints in women of reproductive age. While biological mechanisms such as prostaglandin release contribute to their pathophosiology, recent studies highlight psychological factors in the perception and severity of menstrual pain.